Jurong Island Singapore processes approximately 1.3 million barrels of crude oil per day, operates one of Asia’s largest LNG terminals, and holds around 20 million m³ of onshore liquid storage capacity — making it one of the most strategically concentrated energy infrastructure sites on the planet. A second LNG terminal is now under construction, targeting an additional 5 Mtpa of regasification capacity before the end of the decade.
Singapore’s Role in Global Energy Storage
Singapore transships approximately half the world’s crude oil supply and bunkers around 3.5 million tonnes of marine fuel monthly. The Port of Singapore handles approximately 15,000 vessels per year, with floating storage adding a further 2.6 million tonnes of fuel oil capacity as of 2025.
Jurong Island itself was created through land reclamation, consolidating seven southern offshore islets into a single 30 km² industrial estate. Construction began in 1995; the island was officially opened in October 2000. With no domestic crude reserves, Singapore’s refining and storage operations are entirely trade-facing — the island exists to service global energy flows, not local production.
Independent operators hold around 8 million m³ of the island’s total onshore storage capacity. The remainder sits within integrated refinery and petrochemical complexes operated by ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron, and over 100 other companies. Cumulative investment on the island exceeded S$31 billion by 2010.
The Major Tank Terminal Operators on Jurong Island
Tank terminal operations on Jurong Island are dominated by three independent operators, each with direct pipeline connectivity to the island’s petrochemical network.
Vopak Terminals Singapore is structured as a joint venture — Royal Vopak holds 69.5%, with the Port of Singapore Authority Corporation holding the remaining 30.5%. Vopak operates four terminals in Singapore with combined capacity exceeding 3 million cbm. Its Banyan terminal alone holds close to 1.5 million cbm, configured as an integrated oil, chemical, and gas hybrid facility. Vopak also operates Jurong Rock Caverns, a mined underground storage system with 1.47 million m³ operational in Phase 1 and a further 1.32 million m³ in Phase 2 planning.
In 2026, Vopak is advancing a quantitative risk assessment for ammonia storage expansion at Banyan — targeting low-carbon power generation support and marine bunkering demand. A final investment decision has not yet been taken.
Jurong Port Tank Terminals (JPTT) is a joint venture between Jurong Port Pte Ltd and Advario (formerly Oiltanking). Phase 1, which opened in July 2019, delivered 252,000 m³ of clean petroleum product storage across four deepwater berths capable of handling vessels up to 180,000 DWT. Phase 2 has since been confirmed operational, bringing total JPTT capacity to approximately 580,000 m³. PetroChina took 100% of Phase 1 capacity as inaugural customer. Advario — headquartered in Rotterdam, with around 8 million m³ across 13 terminals worldwide — brings the trading and commercial infrastructure that JPTT was designed around.
Jurong Port Universal Terminal (JPUT) is a three-way joint venture between Jurong Port, MAIF Investments Singapore, and PetroChina International (Singapore), and is described as the largest independent oil products storage terminal in Asia Pacific.
SLNG Terminal: Asia’s LNG Trading Hub
The Singapore LNG Terminal began commercial operations in May 2013 as a S$1.7 billion project operated by Singapore LNG Corporation (SLNG), a state-owned entity. Four tanks provide a combined storage volume of 800,000 m³ — three tanks at 180,000 m³ each and one at 260,000 m³, one of the largest single LNG storage tanks in the world.
The terminal has an annualised average supply capacity of 9 Mtpa, with peak throughput of approximately 11 Mtpa. Two jetties accommodate vessels ranging from 2,000 m³ to 265,000 m³, including Q-Max carriers. The facility supplies approximately 50% of Singapore’s natural gas demand for power generation.
SLNG was the first open-access multi-user LNG terminal in Asia — structured to serve physical trading and regional redistribution rather than a single off-take contract. That design decision has made it a pricing reference point for the wider Asian LNG market.
In August 2025, SLNG broke ground on a new truck loading facility on Jurong Island. Two loading bays, designed for 40-footer trucks, will replace the existing 20-footer-only configuration. The EPC contractor is China International Water & Electric Corp. (S) Pte. Ltd., with completion targeted for 2026.
2026 Developments: The Second LNG Terminal and Ammonia Expansion
The most significant infrastructure development on Jurong Island Singapore in the current cycle is the second LNG terminal, announced in October 2023 and moved to execution phase in October 2024. The structure is an FSRU — a Floating Storage and Regasification Unit — measuring 298.8 metres in length and 51 metres wide, with 200,000 m³ of onboard storage capacity and 5 Mtpa of regasification throughput.
Hanwha Ocean in South Korea is building the vessel; charter has been awarded to a subsidiary of MOL (Mitsui O.S.K. Lines). The FSRU will be berthed at Jurong Port and connected to Singapore’s existing gas pipeline network. The FEED for onshore connecting infrastructure was awarded to a Wood plc subsidiary and was completed around mid-2025, with EPC tendering to follow. Target commissioning is by the end of the decade — 2029 or 2030.
Once operational, the combined throughput of both LNG facilities will reach up to 15 Mtpa, reinforcing Jurong Island Singapore‘s position as the primary LNG trading and redistribution hub for South and Southeast Asia. The regional LNG infrastructure build underway across Asia is accelerating demand for exactly the kind of open-access, multi-user terminal model Singapore pioneered in 2013.
For authoritative data on Singapore’s energy regulatory framework and gas supply planning, the Energy Market Authority Singapore publishes annual outlooks and capacity data. The Singapore LNG Corporation publishes terminal specifications and operational updates directly.
What is Jurong Island Singapore used for in oil and gas?
Jurong Island is Singapore’s primary petrochemical and energy storage hub, created through land reclamation from seven offshore islets. It hosts refineries processing approximately 1.3 million barrels of crude oil per day, around 20 million m³ of onshore liquid storage capacity, the SLNG LNG terminal, and major independent tank terminal operators including Vopak, JPTT (Advario), and JPUT.
Which terminal operators are based on Jurong Island?
The main independent terminal operators on Jurong Island are Vopak Terminals Singapore (over 3 million cbm across four terminals), Jurong Port Tank Terminals or JPTT (a Jurong Port/Advario joint venture with approximately 580,000 m³ of clean petroleum product storage), and Jurong Port Universal Terminal (JPUT), described as Asia Pacific’s largest independent oil products storage terminal. ExxonMobil, Shell, and Chevron also operate integrated refinery storage on the island.
What is the SLNG terminal capacity?
The Singapore LNG Terminal, operated by SLNG, has four storage tanks totalling 800,000 m³ of LNG storage. Average annual supply capacity is 9 Mtpa with a peak of approximately 11 Mtpa. Two jetties accommodate vessels from 2,000 m³ to 265,000 m³, including Q-Max LNG carriers.
What is the second Singapore LNG terminal project?
Singapore’s second LNG terminal is an FSRU (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) being built by Hanwha Ocean and chartered by a MOL subsidiary. It will provide 200,000 m³ of storage and 5 Mtpa of regasification capacity, berthed at Jurong Port and connected to Singapore’s gas pipeline network. Execution began in October 2024, with target commissioning by 2029–2030. Combined with the existing SLNG terminal, total throughput will reach up to 15 Mtpa.
How does Jurong Island compare to other global energy storage hubs?
Jurong Island sits alongside Rotterdam and Fujairah as one of the world’s three principal tank terminal hubs. Singapore’s advantage is geographic — positioned at the Malacca Strait chokepoint, it transships approximately half the world’s crude oil supply and serves as the primary LNG redistribution point for South and Southeast Asia. Its open-access terminal model at SLNG is unique in the region and has made it the dominant LNG pricing reference for Asian spot trading.